Canapa

Cannabis sativa L.

Bibliografia

Abrams, D (2000) “Marijuana does not appear to alter viral loads of HIV patients taking protease inhibitors” University of California at San Francisco press release © 1999 Regebts of the University of California. http://www.ucsf.edu/pressrel/2000/07/071302.html
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Baker et al., D. (2001) “Endocannabinoids control spasticity and tremor in a multiple sclerosis model” Faseb J., 15: 300-302.
Baker, D.; Pryce, G.; Giovannoni,G.; and Thompson, A.J. (2003) “The therapeutic potenial of Cannabis” The Lancet: Neurology, Vol. 2, , 291-298
Bayer, RE (2001) “Therapeutic Cannabis (Marijuana) as an antiemetic and appetite stimulant in persons with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)” Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics Vol. 1, no. 3/4, pp. 5-16
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Beal, JR, Olson, L, Laubenstein, L, Morales, J, Bellman, P, Yangko, B, Lefkowitz, L, Plasse, T, Shepard, K (1995) “Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS” J Pain Sympto Manag 10(2):89-97
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Belén G. Ramírez, Cristina Blázquez, Teresa Gómez del Pulgar, Manuel Guzmán, and María L. de Ceballos. (2005) “Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation”. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, , 25(8):1904-1913
Berman JS, Symonds C, Birch R. (2004) “Efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial.” Pain. Dec;112(3):299-306.
Blake DR, Robson P, Ho M, Jubb RW, McCabe CS. (2006) “Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis.” Rheumatology (Oxford).;45(1):50-2
Bloom, JW, Kaltenborn, WT, Paoletti, P, Camilli, A, Lebowitz, MD (1987) “Respiratory effects of non-tobacco cigarettes.” BMJ 295:1516-1518
Brenneisen, R (2002) “Pharmacokinetics” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Buggy DJ, Toogood L, Maric S, Sharpe P, Lambert DG, Rowbotham DJ. (2003) “Lack of analgesic efficacy of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in postoperative pain” Pain.;106(1-2):169-72.
Cabral, GA (2001) “Marijuana and cannabinoids: Effects on infections, immunity, and AIDS” Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics Vol. 1, no. 3/4, pp. 61-85
Campbell F.A. et al. (2001) “Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the mamagement of pain? A qualitative systematic review” BMJ, 323:13-18
Carriot, F, and Sasco, A (2000) “Cannabis and cancer” Revue d'Epidemiologie et de santé Publique 48(5):473-483
Carroll CB, Bain PG, Teare L, Liu X, Joint C, Wroath C, Parkin SG, Fox P, Wright D, Hobart J, Zajicek JP. (2004) “Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study”. Neurology. 12;63(7):1245-50.
Clarke, RC, Watson, DP (2002) “Botany of natural Cannabis medicines” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Colasanti , BK (1986) “Review: Ocular hypotensive effect of marijuana cannabinoids: Correlate of central action or separate phenomenon?” Journal of Ocular Pharmacology 2(3):295-304
Croxford JL, Yamamura T. (2005) “Cannabinoids and the immune system: potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases?” J Neuroimmunol.;166(1-2):3-18
Edelman, G.M. e Tononi, G. (2000) Un universo di coscienza: come la materia diventa immaginazione Einaudi editore
Elphick MR, Egertova M. (2001) “The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoids” Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 29; 356(1407):381-408
ElSohly, MA (2002) “Chemical constituents of Cannabis” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Fant RV, Heishman SJ, Bunker EB, Pickworth WB (1998) “Acute and residual effects of marijuana in humans” Pharmacol Biochem Behav; 60(4):777-84
Fox P, Bain PG, Glickman S, Carroll C, Zajicek J. (2004) “The effect of cannabis on tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis”. Neurology. 13;62(7):1105-9.
Fox SH, Kellett M, Moore AP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM. (2002) “Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of distonia”. Mov Disord.;17(1):145-9.
Goldschmidt L, Day NL, Richardson GA. (2000) “Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10.” Neurotoxicol Teratol;22(3):325-36
Gorelick DA, Heishman SJ, Preston KL, Nelson RA, Moolchan ET, Huestis MA. (2006) “The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant attenuates the hypotensive effect of smoked marijuana in male smokers.” Am Heart J.;151(3):754.e1-754.e5.
Grinspoon, L (1994) Marihuana reconsidered: the most thorough evaluation of the benefits and dangers of cannabis. 2nd edition (1977) reprint Quick American Archives, California
Grotenhermen, F (2001) “Harm reduction associated with inhalation and oral administration of Cannabis and THC” Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics Vol1; N.3/4:133-152
Grotenhermen, F (2002) “Effects of Cannabis and the cannabinoids” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Grotenhermen, F (2002) “Review of therapeutic effects” in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press
Grotenhermen, F, Russo, E (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Hampson, A (2002) “Cannabinoids as neuroprotectants against ischemia” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Harrison GP Jr, Gruber AJ, Hudson JI, Huestis MA, Yurgelun-Todd D. (2002) “Cognitive measures in long-term Cannabis users” J Clin Pharmacol;42(11 Suppl):41S-47S
Holdcroft, A (2002) “Pain therapy” in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press. Pp. 181-186
Huestis MA, Gorelick DA, Heishman SJ, Preston KL, Nelson RA, Moolchan ET, Frank RA. (2001) “Blockade of effects of smoked marijuana by the CB1-selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716”. Arch Gen Psychiatry.;58(4):322-8
James JS. (2000) “Marijuana safety study completed: weight gain, no safety problems.” AIDS Treat News 4;(348):3-4
Katona S, Kaminski E, Sanders H, Zajicek J. (2005) “Cannabinoid influence on cytokine profile in multiple sclerosis”. Clin Exp Immunol.;140(3):580-5.
Killestein J, Hoogervorst EL, Reif M, Kalkers NF, Van Loenen AC, Staats PG, Gorter RW, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH. (2002) “Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids in MS.” Neurology 14;58(9):1404-7
Klein TW, Lane B, Newton CA, Friedman H (2000) “The cannabinoid system and cytokine network” Proc Soc Exp Biol Med;225(1):1-8
McPartland, J e Russo, EB (2001) “Cannabis and Cannabis extracts: Greater than the sum of their parts?” Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics Vol1, N.3/4: pp.103-132
Mechoulam R, Ben-Shabat S, Hanus L, Ligumsky M, Kaminski NE, Schatz AR, Gopher A, Almog S, Martin BR, Compton DR, Pertwee RG, Griffin G, Bayewitch M, Barg J, Vogel Z. (1995) “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Biochem Pharmacol, 50:83-90
Mechoulam, R. and Shahami, R. (2002) “HU-211: A cannabinoid neuroprotective agent” in F, Grotenhermen ed E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press.
Melamede, R. (2002) “Possible mechanisms in autoimmune diseases” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Muller-Vahl KR, Prevedel H, Theloe K, Kolbe H, Emrich HM, Schneider U. (2003b) “Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance.” Neuropsychopharmacology;28(2):384-8.
Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Koblenz A, Jobges M, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM. (2002a) “Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial.” Pharmacopsychiatry.;35(2):57-61.
Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Prevedel H, Theloe K, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM. (2003a) “Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial”. J Clin Psychiatry.;64(4):459-65.
Muller-Vahl, KR, Kolbe, H, Schneider, U and Emrich, HM (2002b) “Movement disorders” in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press. Pp. 205-214
Musty, RE and Consroe, P (2002) “Spastic disorders” in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press. Pp. 195-204
Naef M, Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Zbinden A, Brenneisen R. (2003) “The analgesic effect of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, and a THC-morphine combination in healthy subjects under experimental pain conditions”. Pain.;105(1-2):79-88.
Notcutt W, Price M, Miller R, Newport S, Phillips C, Simmons S, Sansom C. (2004) “Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic pain: results from 34 'N of 1' studies”.Anaesthesia. May;59(5):440-52.
Pate, DW (2002) “Glaucoma and cannabinoids” in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press pp. 215-224
Pate, DW (2002) “Taxonomy of cannabinoids” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Perrine, Daniel M (1996) The chemistry of mind-altering drugs: History, pharmacology and cultural context American Chemical Society, Washington
Pertwee, RG (2002) “Sites and mechanisms of action” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Phillips LJ, Curry C, Yung AR, Yuen HP, Adlard S, McGorry PD. (2002) “Cannabis use is not associated with the development of psychosis in an 'ultra' high-risk group” Aust N Z J Psychiatry;36(6):800-6
Plasse, T (2002) “Antiemetic effects of cannabinoids” in F, Grotenhermen and E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press. Pp. 165-180
Polen, MR, Sidney, IS, Tekawa, M, Sadler, GD, Friedmean, GD (1993) “Health care use by frequent marijuana smokers who do not smoke tabacco” West J Med 158:596-601
Porcella A, Maxia C, Gessa GL, Pani L. (2001) “The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212-2 decreases the intraocular pressure in human glaucoma resistant to conventional therapies” Eur J Neurosci;13(2):409-12
Research Group. 2003 Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple
Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Friede T, Young CA. (2005) “Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis.” Neurology. 27;65(6):812-9.
Russo, E (2001) Cannabis therapeutics in HIV/AIDS The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Russo, E (2002) “Migraine” in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press. Pp. 187-194
Schnelle, M and Strasser, F (2002) 'Anorexia and cachexia' in F, Grotenhermen e E, Russo (eds) Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing press. Pp. 153-164
Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 5, May 2004 [and more or less continuously updated since]. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
Straiker A, Stella N, Piomelli D, Mackie K, Karten HJ, Maguire G. (1999) “Cannabinoid CB1 receptors and ligands in vertebrate retina: localization and function of an endogenous signaling system.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 7;96(25):14565-70.
Szabo B, Siemes S, Wallmichrath I. (2002) “Inhibition of GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area by cannabinoids” Eur J Neurosci;15(12):2057-61
Tashkin, DP (2001) “Effects of smoked Marijuana on the lung and its immune defenses: Implication for medicinal use in HIV-infected patients” Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics Vol. 1, no. 3/4, pp. 87-102
Tashkin, DP Coulson, AH, Clark, VA, Simmons, MS, Borque, LB, Duann, S, Spivey, GH, Gong, H (1987) “Respiratory symptoms and lung function in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco laone, and non-smokers” Am Rev Respir Dis 135:209-216
Tashkin, DP, Simmons, MS, Sherrill, D, Coulson, AH (1997) “Heavy abituam marijuana smoking does not cause an accellerated decline in FEV1 with age: A longitudinal study” Am J Respir Crit Care Med 7:43-61
Taylor, DR, Poulton, R, Moffit, TE, Ramankutty, P, Sears, MR (2000) “The respiratory effect of cannabis dependance in young adults.” Addiction 95:1169-1177
Tramèr M.R. et al. (2001) “Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review.” BMJ, 323:16-24
Vaney C, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Jobin P, Tschopp F, Gattlen B, Hagen U, Schnelle M, Reif M. (2004) “Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study”. Mult Scler.;10(4):417-24.
Vaughan, CW, Christie, MJ (2002) “Mechanisms of cannabinoids analgesia” in F, Grotenhermen, E, Russo (eds.) (2002) Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. The Haworth Integrative Healing Press, New York
Wachtel SR, ElSohly MA, Ross SA, Ambre J, de Wit H. (2002) “Comparison of the subjective effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and marijuana in humans.” Psychopharmacology (Berl);161(4):331-9
Wade DT, Makela P, Robson P, House H, Bateman C (2004) “Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients”. Mult Scler.;10(4):434-41.
Wade DT, Robson P, House H, Makela P, Aram J. (2003) “A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms.” Clin Rehabil.;17(1):21-9.
Wright K et al. (2005) “Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing”. Gastroenterology;129(2):437-53
Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A, Thompson A; UK MS Research Group (2003) “Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial.” Lancet. 8;362(9395):1517-26.
Zajicek JP, Sanders HP, Wright DE, Vickery PJ, Ingram WM, Reilly SM, Nunn AJ, Teare LJ, Fox PJ, Thompson AJ. (2005) “Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and efficacy data for 12 months follow up” J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.;76(12):1664-9.
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